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Age-dependent differences in DNA damage after in vitro CT exposure.

Maria Gomolka1, Ursula Oestreicher1, Ute Rößler1

  • 1a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany.

International Journal of Radiation Biology
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Newborns and young children show 1.5 times more radiation-induced DNA damage (dicentric aberrations) than adults after computer tomography (CT) scans. GammaH2AX assays did not confirm this age-dependent sensitivity.

Keywords:
DNA damagechildrencomputer tomography CTdicentric chromosome assaygammaH2AX assay

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Medical physics
  • Pediatric oncology

Background:

  • Computer tomography (CT) scans involve ionizing radiation exposure.
  • Assessing age-dependent radiation sensitivity is crucial for pediatric patient safety.
  • DNA damage biomarkers are used to evaluate radiation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-dependent radiation sensitivity in vitro.
  • To compare DNA damage in newborns, children, and adults after CT exposure.
  • To analyze radiation biomarkers following different radiation doses.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro blood samples from newborns, children under five, and adults were exposed to varying CT radiation doses (0, 41, 978 mGy).
  • Analysis of radiation biomarkers, including dicentric aberrations and gammaH2AX foci.
  • Assessment of DNA damage and repair at different time intervals (30 minutes, 24 hours).

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher dicentric aberration levels (1.48-fold) were observed in newborns/children compared to adults at 978 mGy.
  • A dose-response relationship for DNA damage induction and repair was evident.
  • GammaH2AX assays did not reveal age-dependent DNA damage increases in younger groups after correcting for background levels.
  • The dicentric assay lacked sufficient power to detect age-dependent effects at a low dose (41 mGy).

Conclusions:

  • Newborns and children under five exhibit approximately 1.5-fold higher levels of dicentric aberrations after 1 Gy radiation exposure compared to adults.
  • While dicentric analysis suggests increased sensitivity in younger individuals, gammaH2AX results did not corroborate this age-dependent effect.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes may be needed to confirm age-dependent radiosensitivity using specific biomarkers.