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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
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Classification of Connective Tissues01:30

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The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
Connective Tissue Proper
Connective tissue proper is the most abundant class of connective tissues. As its name implies, it predominantly connects different tissues in the body. Depending on the cell types, ground substance, viscosity, and fiber types in the ECM, connective tissue proper is further categorized into loose and dense....
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Plant Cells and Tissues02:01

Plant Cells and Tissues

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Plant tissues are collections of similar cells performing related functions. Different plant tissues will have their own specialized roles and can be combined with other tissues to form organs such as flowers, fruit, stem, and leaves. Two major types of plant tissue include meristematic and permanent tissue.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Single-cell Profiling of Developing and Mature Retinal Neurons
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Automated cell-type classification in intact tissues by single-cell molecular profiling.

Monica Nagendran1,2, Daniel P Riordan3, Pehr B Harbury3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.

Elife
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying cell types and their locations in tissues is challenging. Proximity ligation in situ hybridization (PLISH) allows spatial single-cell RNA profiling, revealing cell distribution and gene expression in intact tissues like the mouse lung.

Keywords:
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosiscell biologyhumanhuman biologyin situ hybridizationlung cell type classificationmedicinemousesingle cell expression profiling

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Isolation of Adipose Tissue Nuclei for Single-Cell Genomic Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Identifying distinct cell classes and their spatial interactions in vivo is a major biological challenge.
  • Current single-cell molecular profiling techniques lack spatial resolution.
  • Understanding cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization is crucial for biological and medical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel in situ hybridization technology for high-resolution spatial single-cell profiling.
  • To enable the identification and anatomical re-mapping of diverse cell types within intact tissues.
  • To investigate differential gene expression and spatial domains of cell subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of proximity ligation in situ hybridization (PLISH) with high signal strength, specificity, and sensitivity.
  • Utilized barcoded probes and rapid label-image-erase cycles for multiplexed data acquisition.
  • Automated calculation of single-cell profiles for clustering and spatial re-mapping.
  • Application of PLISH to profile approximately 2900 cells in intact mouse lung tissue.

Main Results:

  • PLISH successfully identified and localized known and rare cell types in the mouse lung.
  • Unsupervised cell classification revealed differential expression of 'housekeeping' genes across cell types.
  • Spatial re-mapping of Club cell subclasses highlighted their distinct domains within terminal airways.
  • Demonstrated the capability for single-cell profiling of various RNA species in situ.

Conclusions:

  • PLISH is a powerful technology for high-resolution spatial single-cell RNA profiling in intact tissues.
  • The method enables detailed characterization of cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization.
  • PLISH has significant potential to advance basic and medical research by providing unprecedented spatial transcriptomic insights.