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Related Experiment Video

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

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Published on: February 8, 2022

Vigilant conservatism in evaluating communicated information.

Emmanuel Trouche¹, Petter Johansson^2,3, Lars Hall²

¹Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.

|January 11, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

People tend to stick to their own opinions, a bias called conservatism. This study reveals this bias isn't due to understanding reasons, but rather a cautious approach to others' advice.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Psychology
Behavioral Economics

Background:

Individuals often prioritize their own opinions over those of others, a phenomenon known as conservatism.
Existing theories suggest this bias stems from differential access to the reasons behind opinions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the underlying mechanisms of conservatism in opinion formation and advice-taking.
To test whether rational or biased access to reasons explains why people favor their own opinions.

Main Methods:

Four experiments were conducted where participants shared opinions and received feedback.
Manipulations involved blurring the lines between participants' own opinions and external advice.
Time pressure and opinion repetition were varied to assess their influence on advice-taking.

Main Results:

Participants consistently favored what they perceived as their own opinion, regardless of the advice's actual origin.
Conservatism was not reduced under time pressure, challenging the biased access to reasons explanation.
Repeated opinions were given more weight, suggesting a role for fluency in advice acceptance.

Conclusions:

Established proximal explanations, such as rational or biased access to reasons, do not adequately account for conservatism.
An ultimate explanation, vigilant conservatism, is proposed: conservatism is adaptive, prompting wariness of others' potentially misaligned interests.