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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

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A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Polyelectrolyte multilayers under compression: concurrent osmotic stress and colloidal probe atomic force microscopy.

Bo Wu1, Guangming Liu2, Guangzhao Zhang3

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China. gml@ustc.edu.cn and Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. vince.craig@anu.edu.au.

Soft Matter
|January 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concurrent measurement of colloidal interactions using osmotic stress and surface forces reveals dynamic components in atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polyelectrolyte films. This study highlights how AFM overestimates repulsive forces due to insufficient equilibration time.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Colloidal interactions are crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Osmotic stress and surface force measurements are established techniques for characterization.
  • Polyelectrolyte multilayers can form impermeable membranes upon cross-linking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To concurrently measure interaction forces of polyelectrolyte multilayers using osmotic stress and surface forces.
  • To compare interaction forces obtained from osmotic stress and colloid probe techniques.
  • To evaluate the influence of compression rates on polymer film interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent application of osmotic stress and surface force measurements (colloid probe technique).
  • Measurement of interaction forces on cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayers.
  • Correction of force data for polyelectrolyte multilayer film thickness.

Main Results:

  • Combined techniques reveal attractive and repulsive forces not seen individually.
  • Repulsive forces measured by colloid probe (AFM) are greater than osmotic data.
  • AFM measurements contain a dynamic component due to insufficient equilibration time.

Conclusions:

  • Concurrent osmotic stress and colloid probe measurements provide a comprehensive evaluation of polymer film interactions.
  • AFM force measurements of polyelectrolytes are influenced by dynamic effects.
  • Colloid probe measurements can overestimate equilibrium repulsive interactions due to measurement rates.