Recent developments in evaluation and treatment of lateral patellar instability

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic surgery
• Sports medicine
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Lateral patellar instability is increasingly understood, necessitating differentiated treatment approaches for patellofemoral joint pathologies.
• Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is standard, but not always sufficient for patellar instability.
• Anatomical factors significantly influence patellar instability and clinical outcomes, requiring further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent developments in lateral patellar instability management beyond traditional MPFL reconstruction.
• To synthesize current knowledge on the evaluation and treatment of lateral patellar instability.
• To identify emerging trends and novel approaches in managing patellofemoral joint instability.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature analysis of studies published within the last three years.
• Focus on all aspects of lateral patellar instability, including evaluation and treatment.
• Identification and synthesis of key topics based on publication volume and novelty.

Main Results:

• Six primary themes emerged: first-time patellar dislocation treatment, trochlear dysplasia and trochleoplasty, torsional deformities, instability in open physis, new outcome measures, and rehabilitation.
• Recent literature emphasizes a broader understanding of contributing anatomical factors.
• Novel treatment and rehabilitation strategies are evolving.

Conclusions:

• Management of lateral patellar instability requires consideration of multiple factors beyond MPFL reconstruction.
• Addressing trochlear dysplasia, torsional deformities, and physeal considerations is crucial.
• The field is advancing with new outcome measures and tailored rehabilitation protocols for patellar stabilizing procedures.