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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
Published on: July 18, 2014
Inherent health and environmental risk assessment of nanostructured metal oxide production processes
Mina Torabifard1, Reza Arjmandi2, Alimorad Rashidi3
1Department of Environment, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran.
Abstract:
The health and environmental effects of chemical processes can be assessed during the initial stage of their production. In this paper, the Chemical Screening Tool for Exposure and Environmental Release (ChemSTEER) software was used to compare the health and environmental risks of spray pyrolysis and wet chemical techniques for the fabrication of nanostructured metal oxide on a semi-industrial scale with a capacity of 300 kg/day in Iran. The pollution sources identified in each production process were pairwise compared in Expert Choice software using indicators including respiratory damage, skin damage, and environmental damages including air, water, and soil pollution. The synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide using the wet chemical technique (with 0.523 wt%) leads to lower health and environmental risks compared to when spray pyrolysis is used (with 0.477 wt%). The health and environmental risk assessment of nanomaterial production processes can help select safer processes, modify the operation conditions, and select or modify raw materials that can help eliminate the risks.
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