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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Two vectors can be multiplied using a scalar product or a vector product. The resultant of a scalar product is scalar, while with vector products, the resultant is a vector. These rules of the scalar or vector product between two vectors can be applied to multiple vectors to obtain meaningful combinations. The scalar triple product is the dot product of a vector with the cross product of two vectors.
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Work is done on an object when energy is transferred to the object. In other words, work is done when a force acts on a body that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. By definition, the work done by a force is the integral of the force with respect to the displacement along its path. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can occur along various paths between two points. The magnitude of a force multiplied by the cosine of the angle that the force makes...
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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MicroRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer.

M Koleckova, M Janikova, Z Kolar

    Neoplasma
    |January 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of gene expression and are implicated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) development and treatment resistance. This review explores miRs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for TNBC.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and limited targeted therapies.
    • MicroRNAs (miRs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators implicated in various cancers, including TNBC.
    • Dysregulated miRs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, influencing carcinogenesis and treatment resistance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent findings on microRNAs (miRs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    • To identify potential therapeutic targets influenced by miRs in TNBC.
    • To explore the role of circulating miRs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in TNBC patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent publications on miRs and TNBC.
    Keywords:
    biomarkers therapeutic targets.microRNAtriple-negative breast cancer

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  • Analysis of data concerning miR dysregulation in TNBC.
  • Identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers associated with miRs.

    • Main Results:

    • MicroRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in TNBC pathogenesis, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
    • miR dysregulation is linked to resistance to conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
    • Circulating miRs show promise as biomarkers for prognosis and predicting treatment response in TNBC.

    Conclusions:

    • MicroRNAs (miRs) represent promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    • Targeting miRs could offer novel treatment strategies for TNBC.
    • Further research into miRs can improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for TNBC patients.