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Antenatal and Neonatal Antecedents of Executive Dysfunctions in Extremely Preterm Children

Alan Leviton1, Robert M Joseph2, Elizabeth N Allred1

  • 11 Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Child Neurology
|January 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children born extremely preterm face executive dysfunction risks. Key factors include socioeconomic disadvantage, immaturity, inflammation, and fetal growth restriction, impacting working memory, inhibition, and switching abilities.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children born extremely preterm exhibit higher risks of executive dysfunction.
  • Executive functions are crucial for cognitive control and goal-directed behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors contributing to executive dysfunctions in children born extremely preterm.
  • To analyze the specific profiles of working memory, inhibition, and switching dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 716 children born extremely preterm at 10 years old with IQ ≥ 70.
  • Defined working memory, inhibition, and switching dysfunctions using standardized cognitive tests (Differential Ability Scales-II, NEPSY-II).

Main Results:

  • All risk profiles were linked to socioeconomic disadvantage.
  • Individual dysfunctions were associated with newborn immaturity; inhibition and switching also linked to inflammation.
  • Switching dysfunction was specifically associated with fetal growth restriction.

Conclusions:

  • Executive dysfunction in extremely preterm children stems from a combination of socioeconomic disadvantage, immaturity, inflammation, and fetal growth restriction.
  • Understanding these risk factors can inform targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
extremely pretermlearning disabilitiesmathematicsreadingschool performancespecial educational needs

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