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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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Free choice shapes normalized value signals in medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Hiroshi Yamada1,2,3,4, Kenway Louie5, Agnieszka Tymula5,6

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Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neurons exhibit normalized value signals during free choice decisions. This normalization is context-dependent, suggesting OFC

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Normalization is a key neural computation in sensory processing.
  • The role of normalization in value perception and decision-making is not well understood.
  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in value-based decision making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether normalized value signals exist in the medial OFC (mOFC).
  • To determine if behavioral task context affects value representation in the mOFC.
  • To explore the contribution of mOFC to economic decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded single neuron activity in the mOFC of awake-behaving monkeys.
  • Utilized a reward-guided lottery task with free choice and forced choice conditions.
  • Applied a normalization model to analyze neural value signals.

Main Results:

  • mOFC neurons demonstrated divisive normalization of value signals during free choices between options.
  • The normalization model's performance decreased significantly in a forced choice task.
  • Value representation in the mOFC is sensitive to the availability of choice alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • The mOFC employs normalized value computations, particularly when multiple options are available.
  • Context-specific normalization in the mOFC may be crucial for economic decision-making.
  • These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying value-based choices.