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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Transcription01:10

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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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Related Experiment Video

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Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites
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Probabilistic data integration identifies reliable gametocyte-specific proteins and transcripts in malaria parasites.

Lisette Meerstein-Kessel1,2, Robin van der Lee1,3, Will Stone2,4

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This study developed a gametocyte-specificity score to differentiate malaria parasite sexual stages from asexual stages. This score aids in identifying potential biomarkers for detecting gametocyte carriage and monitoring malaria transmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Malariology
  • Parasitology
  • Genomics
  • Proteomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Plasmodium gametocytes are crucial for malaria transmission to mosquitoes.
  • Understanding gametocyte biology is key to interrupting malaria transmission.
  • Existing data on gametocyte-specific genes is fragmented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze omics data and create a gametocyte-specificity score for Plasmodium falciparum genes.
  • To identify novel gametocyte-specific genes as potential biomarkers for gametocyte carriage.
  • To explore the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers in naturally infected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated 18 transcriptomic and proteomic datasets using Bayesian probabilities.
  • Developed a genome-wide gametocyte-specificity scoring system for P. falciparum genes.
  • Analyzed humoral immune responses against novel gametocyte-specific antigens in field samples.
  • Validated gametocyte transcript specificity in clinical samples.

Main Results:

  • Generated gametocyte-specificity scores for all P. falciparum genes.
  • Identified five novel gametocyte-specific antigens recognized by carriers.
  • Validated eight transcripts with >1000-fold higher expression in gametocytes.
  • Demonstrated transcript abundance allows gametocyte detection in infected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The gametocyte-specificity score is a valuable resource for malaria research.
  • Novel gametocyte-specific genes and antigens can serve as biomarkers for carriage and exposure.
  • This work facilitates the development of tools to monitor P. falciparum gametocytemia and transmission.