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Rotation in [C ii]-emitting gas in two galaxies at a redshift of 6.8.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology and Astrophysics
  • Early Universe Studies
  • Galaxy Evolution

Background:

  • The epoch of reionization, within the first billion years of the Universe, is when early galaxies ionized neutral hydrogen.
  • Studying this epoch requires detecting spectral signatures from distant, high-redshift galaxies.
  • Previous searches for Lyman-alpha and carbon-II ([C ii]) emission from these early galaxies have faced challenges due to scattering and faintness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize spectral signatures from galaxies in the early Universe, specifically during the epoch of reionization.
  • To investigate the luminosity and properties of the carbon-II ([C ii]) emission line in high-redshift galaxies.
  • To compare the dynamics of these early galaxies with those observed later in cosmic history.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of high-redshift galaxy candidates using near-infrared photometry.
  • Identification of carbon-II ([C ii]) λ=157.74 μm emission lines from selected candidates.
  • Spectroscopic confirmation of redshifts for the identified galaxies (z=6.8540 and z=6.8076).

Main Results:

  • Detection of [C ii] λ=157.74 μm emission from two galaxies at redshifts z=6.8540 and z=6.8076.
  • The observed [C ii] luminosities are significantly higher than those previously found in galaxies with redshifts greater than 6.5.
  • Analysis of the [C ii] lines reveals velocity gradients suggesting rotational dynamics, comparable to galaxies at 'cosmic noon'.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identifies [C ii] emission from two galaxies within the first billion years of the Universe.
  • These findings challenge previous assumptions about the faintness of [C ii] in early galaxies and provide crucial data for understanding reionization.
  • The dynamic properties inferred from the [C ii] lines suggest that early galaxies could possess complex structures and rotation similar to later cosmic epochs.