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Related Concept Videos

Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

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Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
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Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

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Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
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Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
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Column Efficiency: Plate Theory01:10

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Band broadening in a chromatography column is measured by its efficiency. This is determined by the number of theoretical plates (N). Theoretical plate theory states that a separation column consists of a continuous series of imaginary plates where solute equilibration occurs between stationary and mobile phases.
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Column Efficiency: Rate Theory01:12

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The rate theory of chromatography provides quantitative insight into the shapes and widths of elution bands. These bands are based on the random-walk mechanism governing molecular migration within a column. The Gaussian profile of chromatographic bands arises from the cumulative effect of random molecular motions as they progress through the column.
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A Bifunctional Highly Efficient FeNx /C Electrocatalyst.

Erling Li1,2, Fa Yang1,2, Zhemin Wu3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Fe, N-codoped carbon electrocatalyst demonstrates bifunctional efficiency for oxygen reduction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR). This catalyst offers high activity and stability for both reactions, promising for future applications.

Keywords:
bifunctional catalystscarbon dioxide reduction reactionoxygen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Development of efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for energy conversion technologies.
  • Bifunctional catalysts capable of mediating multiple reactions are highly sought after.
  • Iron-nitrogen-doped carbon materials show promise for oxygen reduction and CO2 reduction reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel Fe, N-codoped carbon electrocatalyst (FeNx/C, Fe-N-BCNT#BP) using bamboo carbon nanotubes.
  • To evaluate the bifunctional catalytic performance of the developed electrocatalyst for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR).
  • To investigate the structure-activity relationship of active sites for ORR and CO2RR.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Fe, N-codoped carbon electrocatalyst incorporating bamboo carbon nanotubes.
  • Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry to assess ORR activity and onset potential.
  • Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) measurements to determine faradaic efficiency, selectivity, and overpotential for CO production.

Main Results:

  • The FeNx/C catalyst exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and stability for ORR with an onset potential of 1.03 VRHE in alkaline media.
  • The catalyst demonstrates high faradaic efficiency (up to 90%) and selectivity (approx. 100%) for CO2RR to CO at a low overpotential of 0.49 V.
  • Analysis revealed that Fe3C sites are more active for CO2RR to CO than FeNx centers, contrasting with their activity in ORR, where C-N sites are dominant.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized Fe, N-codoped carbon electrocatalyst possesses bifunctional catalytic properties for both ORR and CO2RR.
  • The catalyst's low cost and high performance make it a promising candidate for extensive applications in electrochemical energy conversion.
  • Understanding the differential activity of active sites for various reactions can guide the rational design of advanced multifunctional materials.