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The relationship between observational scale and explained variance in benthic communities.

Alison M Flanagan1, Roger D Flood1, Michael G Frisk1

  • 1School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.

Plos One
|January 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding spatial scale is crucial for benthic community analysis. Most community variation occurs below the sampling interval, but environmental factors explain the rest.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Benthic Ecology
  • Spatial Ecology

Background:

  • Spatial scale significantly influences ecological studies, particularly in understanding community composition.
  • Accurate interpretation of ecological data requires accounting for variation at scales smaller than sampling intervals.
  • Benthic communities are complex, with their structure potentially influenced by factors operating at various spatial resolutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the proportion of benthic community variation occurring at spatial scales smaller than the sampling interval.
  • To determine the extent to which environmental variables and habitat proxies explain benthic community variance after accounting for small-scale heterogeneity.
  • To assess the spatial structure of benthic communities and the reliability of ecological inferences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of six benthic datasets including faunal abundances and environmental variables (depth, grain size, percent cover).
  • Utilized sonar backscatter as a proxy for habitat (categorical acoustic provinces).
  • Employed redundancy analysis coupled with spatial variograms from multiscale ordination to quantify variance across spatial scales.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 36-59% of total benthic community variation occurred at spatial scales below the sampling interval (< 100 m).
  • After adjusting for small-scale variation, environmental and habitat variables explained over 71% of the remaining community variance.
  • Environmental and acoustic province variables effectively explained the spatial structure of the infaunal community.

Conclusions:

  • Small-scale spatial variation significantly impacts benthic community analysis but does not invalidate larger-scale inferences.
  • Environmental factors and habitat characteristics are strong predictors of benthic community structure at observational scales (> 100 m).
  • Ecological inferences regarding benthic communities are robust when small-scale variation is appropriately considered.