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Brain connectivity differs between motor execution and imagery. Effective connectivity analysis reveals distinct network dynamics, offering insights for future neurological studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Motor execution and imagery activate similar brain regions, but their precise network interactions remain unclear.
  • Understanding effective connectivity between motor and cognitive areas is crucial for brain function research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze effective connectivity and network dynamics between motor and cognitive networks during motor execution and imagery in healthy individuals.
  • To investigate differences in effective connectivity between correct and incorrect responses during these tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of electroencephalography (EEG) data from 20 healthy subjects.
  • Estimated changes in effective connectivity between primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor cortex (PMC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
  • Applied Bayesian model averaging and fixed-effects analysis to identify the most probable connectivity models.

Main Results:

  • Motor execution and imagery exhibited distinct input pathways to the premotor cortex (PMC) and supplementary motor area (SMA), respectively.
  • Motor execution showed stronger feedforward coupling from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to the PMC compared to imagery.
  • Motor imagery displayed increased feedforward coupling (PMC to SMA) and feedback coupling (M1 to PMC) relative to execution. Differences in connectivity were observed between correct and incorrect motor imagery responses.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates effective connectivity patterns between motor and cognitive brain areas during execution and imagery.
  • Findings provide a foundation for future brain connectivity research, particularly for conditions like stroke.