Blood levels of vanadium, caesium, and other elements in depressive patients

Levels of vanadium and 29 other elements were measured in whole blood of 25 depressive patients, 13 recovered depressive, and 24 control subjects. Vanadium levels were normal in depressive patients, and did not change on recovery. Changes of doubtful significance were found in blood levels of copper, strontium and chromium on recovery from depressive illness. The depressive patients had reduced blood levels of caesium which increased towards normal on recovery. This finding is discussed in relation to pertinent neurochemical and behavioural effects of caesium.