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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Kidney Structure01:45

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner
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Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner

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[Distal Humerus Fracture in the Elderly].

Johannes E Plath1, Stefan Förch1, Thomas Haufe1

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Zeitschrift Fur Orthopadie Und Unfallchirurgie
|January 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

For elderly patients with distal humerus fractures, open reduction and double plate fixation is the gold standard, offering stable fixation for early treatment. Elbow arthroplasty shows comparable short-term results but requires further long-term investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Geriatric Trauma
  • Biomaterials and Implants

Background:

  • Distal humerus fractures are increasing in the elderly, often complicated by osteoporosis.
  • Maintaining patient autonomy and avoiding care dependency is crucial for geriatric patients.
  • Stable fixation enabling early functional rehabilitation is essential for this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and complication rates of double plate osteosynthesis versus elbow arthroplasty for complex distal humerus fractures in geriatric patients.
  • To determine the gold standard treatment for distal humerus fractures in the elderly, prioritizing stable fixation and early mobilization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature comparing open reduction and double plate osteosynthesis with elbow arthroplasty for distal humerus fractures.
  • Analysis of complication rates, functional outcomes, and surgery duration for both treatment modalities.
  • Consideration of implant design, including modern precontoured locking plate systems and cemented semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty.

Main Results:

  • Double plate osteosynthesis provides stable fixation for early functional treatment, considered the current standard.
  • Elbow arthroplasty offers comparable short- to medium-term functional results with potentially fewer complications and shorter surgery times.
  • Long-term outcome data for elbow arthroplasty in fracture management is still pending, necessitating caution.

Conclusions:

  • Open reduction and double plate internal fixation using modern locking plate systems remains the gold standard for distal humerus fractures in geriatric patients.
  • While elbow arthroplasty is an established option, its long-term implications require further study.
  • Stable fixation allowing early functional post-operative treatment is paramount in managing these fractures in the elderly.