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Related Concept Videos

Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

132.6K
Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
132.6K
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

7.7K
Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
345
Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
7.6K
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

3.3K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Isolation and Propagation of Circulating Tumor Cells from a Mouse Cancer Model
05:22

Isolation and Propagation of Circulating Tumor Cells from a Mouse Cancer Model

Published on: October 9, 2015

12.6K

Size-based separation methods of circulating tumor cells.

Si-Jie Hao1, Yuan Wan1, Yi-Qiu Xia1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer unique advantages for cancer research over other liquid biopsy methods. This review details size-based isolation technologies for CTCs and their molecular analysis.

Keywords:
Circulating tumor cellsDeformabilityFiltrationMicrofluidicsOmics technologiesSize

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Isolation and Propagation of Circulating Tumor Cells from a Mouse Cancer Model
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Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
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Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors into the bloodstream.
  • CTCs are crucial for understanding metastasis, cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis.
  • Compared to exosomes and ctDNA/RNA, CTCs provide superior transcriptomic, proteomic, and signal colocalization analysis capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review size- and deformability-based technologies for isolating CTCs.
  • To highlight recent advancements in the molecular analysis of isolated CTCs.
  • To discuss challenges and future prospects in CTC isolation and analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing differences in size and deformability between CTCs and blood cells.
  • Reviewing representative size-/deformability-based CTC isolation technologies.
  • Highlighting molecular analyses performed on isolated CTCs.

Main Results:

  • Size-based enrichment is a label-free, simple, and fast method for CTC isolation.
  • Enriched CTCs remain viable and unmodified for downstream molecular analyses.
  • Significant progress has been made in molecular profiling of isolated CTCs.

Conclusions:

  • Size- and deformability-based methods are key for effective CTC isolation.
  • Isolated CTCs are valuable for comprehensive cancer research and clinical applications.
  • Addressing current challenges will further advance the field of CTC-based diagnostics and therapeutics.