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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Geology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Broad regions of Martian mid-latitudes are covered by thick, smooth mantles.
  • Erosion of these mantles forms scarps, exposing the internal deposit structure.
  • Subsurface ice is a key resource and indicator of past climate on Mars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition and structure of Martian mid-latitude ice deposits.
  • To understand the processes affecting exposed ice deposits, such as sublimation.
  • To assess the potential of these deposits as archives of past climate.

Main Methods:

  • Field investigation of eight scarp locations in the Martian mid-latitudes.
  • Analysis of exposed deposit thickness, depth, and structural features.
  • Observation of active scarp retreat and associated sublimation processes.

Main Results:

  • Exposed deposits contain water ice exceeding 100 meters in thickness.
  • Ice is found from depths as shallow as 1-2 meters below the surface.
  • Actively retreating scarps are driven by the sublimation of exposed ice.

Conclusions:

  • Martian ice deposits likely formed from compacted snowfall during high-obliquity periods.
  • These massive, fractured, and layered ice deposits represent significant climate archives.
  • The vertical structure of these deposits can preserve a record of ice deposition and past Martian climate.