Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance of a Cerium-Doped Nanocrystal: Toward the Generality of a Direct Spin-Optical Interface.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Heteronuclear MOF Heterostructures Based on Identical Auxiliary-Ligand Bridging for Multi-Function-Integrated Photonic Devices.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

One-Pot CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation Coupled With In Situ Esterification for Polyester Monomers Production Over Single-Atom Cu<sup>δ+</sup>-Doped 1.8 Nm T-ZrO<sub>2</sub>.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Cascade Oxidation of Ethylene and Propylene over a Redox Heterometallic Cluster.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Ordered Hollow Sphere Array Nanoreactors for Direct Electroreduction of Diluted CO<sub>2</sub> Into Ethylene.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Novel Carborane Based Metal Organic Framework for Record Electronic Specialty Gas C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub> Purification via Molecular Sieving.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Ordered macro-microporous metal-organic framework single crystals.

Kui Shen¹, Lei Zhang¹, Xiaodong Chen¹

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 13, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel single-crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ordered macro- and micropores. These hierarchical MOFs exhibit enhanced mass diffusion, leading to superior catalysis for bulky molecules.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Conventional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) often lack hierarchical pore structures, limiting their efficiency in reactions involving bulky molecules.
Achieving ordered macro- and microporosity within single-crystalline MOFs has been a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for constructing highly oriented and ordered macropores within MOF single crystals.
To create a new class of three-dimensional-ordered macro-microporous materials in single-crystalline form.
To investigate the catalytic performance of these novel hierarchical MOFs for bulky-molecule reactions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a polystyrene nanosphere monolith template to induce strong shaping effects.
Employed a double-solvent-induced heterogeneous nucleation approach for controlled MOF growth.
Achieved in situ growth of MOFs within ordered voids to form single crystals with hierarchical porosity.

Main Results:

Successfully constructed highly oriented and ordered macropores within MOF single crystals.
Demonstrated the formation of single-crystalline materials with both macro- and micropores (hierarchical porosity).
Observed significantly improved mass diffusion properties in the hierarchical MOFs compared to conventional ZIF-8.

Conclusions:

The developed methodology enables the synthesis of unique single-crystalline macro-microporous MOFs.
The hierarchical pore structure and single-crystalline nature lead to superior catalytic activity and recyclability for bulky-molecule reactions.
This work opens new avenues for designing advanced porous materials for catalysis and other applications.