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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
Flexible Modulation of CO-Release Using Various Nuclearity of Metal Carbonyl Clusters on Graphene Oxide for Stroke
Mein Jin Tan1, Han-Chi Pan2, Hui Ru Tan1
1Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way. Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore.
Abstract:
Utilizing the size-dependent adsorption properties of ruthenium carbonyl clusters (Ru-carbon monoxide (CO)) onto graphene oxide (GO), a facile CO-release platform for in situ vasodilation as a treatment for stroke-related vascular diseases is developed. The rate and amount of formation of the CO-release-active RuII (CO)2 species can be modulated by a simple mixing procedure at room temperature. The subsequent thermally induced oxidation of RuII (CO)2 to RuO2 on the GO surface results in the release of CO. Further modulation of thermal and CO-release properties can be achieved via a hybridization of medium- and high-nuclearity of Ru-CO clusters that produces a RuO2 /RuII (CO)2 /6 Ru-CO-GO composite, where 6 Ru-CO-GO provides a photothermally activated reservoir of RuII (CO)2 species and the combined infrared absorption properties of GO and RuO2 provides photothermal response for in situ CO-release. The RuO2 /RuII (CO)2 /6 Ru-CO-GO composite does not produce any cytotoxicity and the efficacy of the composite is further demonstrated in a cortical photothrombotic ischemia rat model.
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