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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

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Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

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Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation
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Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves: A Call for Mechanistic Studies.

Kevin M Blum1,2, Joseph D Drews1,3, Christopher K Breuer1,3

  • 11 Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) offer a promising solution for pediatric heart valve disease, potentially overcoming limitations of current prosthetics. Further research, including small animal studies, is needed to understand neotissue formation and improve TEHV clinical success.

Keywords:
TEHVheart valvetissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Heart valve disease poses significant risks, with current mechanical and biological valves having inherent complications like thromboembolism, degradation, and lack of growth capacity.
  • These limitations are particularly critical for pediatric patients, where valve growth and remodeling are essential.
  • Tissue engineering presents a potential solution by creating tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) from native tissue, enabling growth and remodeling.

Observation:

  • TEHV technology has advanced over two decades, moving from ovine models to clinical trials.
  • Clinical outcomes for TEHVs have been mixed, with some successes and some failures due to structural degeneration.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of neotissue formation is crucial for improving TEHV design and function.

Findings:

  • Current research predominantly uses large animals and humans, limiting mechanistic studies of neotissue formation.
  • Small animal models are underutilized in TEHV research, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes.
  • A reverse translational approach, incorporating small animal studies, could elucidate critical mechanisms of TEHV development.

Implications:

  • Further investigation into neotissue formation mechanisms is vital for advancing TEHV technology.
  • Small animal studies are recommended to complement existing research and provide mechanistic insights.
  • Improved understanding and design of TEHVs could revolutionize treatment for pediatric heart valve disease, offering a living, growing solution.