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Nail changes in autoimmune blistering disorders: A case-control study.

Vaishnavi Gopal1, Manjunath Mala Shenoy1, Vishal Bejai1

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Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
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PubMed
Summary

Nail changes are common in autoimmune blistering disorders like pemphigus and pemphigoid, with paronychia and onychorrhexis being frequent findings. This suggests nail involvement reflects the disease

Keywords:
Autoimmune blistering disordersnailparonychiapemphigoidpemphigus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Nail Disorders

Background:

  • Pemphigus and pemphigoid are autoimmune blistering disorders affecting the skin.
  • Nail involvement in these conditions has been historically considered uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of nail changes in patients with autoimmune blistering disorders.
  • To compare nail findings between affected individuals and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study design was employed.
  • Forty patients diagnosed with autoimmune blistering disorders (cases) and forty healthy individuals (controls) were recruited.
  • Nail changes were systematically evaluated in both groups.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher proportion of cases (72.5%) exhibited nail changes compared to controls (17.5%).
  • The most frequently observed nail abnormalities in cases were paronychia (inflammation around the nail) and onychorrhexis (brittle, grooved nails).

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune blistering disorders frequently manifest with conspicuous nail changes.
  • The inflammatory process of the skin disease appears to be reflected in the nails.
  • Limitations include a small sample size and short study duration, precluding nail biopsies.