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Published on: July 30, 2017
The determination of the carbonic anhydrases activators in vitro effect of mixed donor crown ethers
Ebru Akkemik1,2, Baki Cicek3, Yasemin Camadan4
1Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Food Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey.
Abstract:
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important function in various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, many researchers work in this field in order to design and synthesize new drugs. Both inhibitors and activators of CAs, which are associated with the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, are very important. The emergence of the use of CA activators in the treatment of Alzheimer has led many scholars to work on this issue. In this study, CA activators and inhibitors are determined. The crown ethers compounds (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9) were found to cause activation on enzyme activities of hCA I and II. The AC50 values on hCA I and II of the compounds are in the range of 4.6565-374.979 μM. The 4 (IC50 ; 1.301 and 3.215 μM for hCA I and II) and 5 (IC50 ; 73.96 and 378.5 μM for hCA I and II) compounds were found to cause inhibition on enzyme activities of hCA I and II.
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Crown Ethers
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent...
The Carbon Cycle
Physical Properties of Ethers
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
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