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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

990
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

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The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
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Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

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Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

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[Hydration to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy].

E J Hoorn1, R Zietse

  • 1Erasmus Medisch Centrum, afd. Interne geneeskunde, Rotterdam.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Preventive hydration for contrast-induced nephropathy is not recommended for most patients. Studies show hydration offers no benefit and may cause complications, questioning its use even in high-risk groups.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Clinical Guidelines

Background:

  • National guidelines previously recommended hydration to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
  • Recent studies, including AMACING and PRESERVE, have challenged the efficacy and necessity of these preventive hydration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of preventive hydration in reducing contrast-induced nephropathy.
  • To assess the complications and costs associated with preventive hydration protocols.
  • To inform current and future guidelines regarding CIN prevention.

Main Methods:

  • The AMACING study compared hydration versus no hydration in patients undergoing contrast administration.
  • The PRESERVE study investigated the incidence of CIN across different preventive measures (saline, bicarbonate, acetylcysteine, placebo) in patients with varying eGFR levels undergoing angiography.

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Main Results:

  • The AMACING study found that hydration did not prevent CIN and led to increased complications and costs.
  • The PRESERVE study demonstrated no significant differences in CIN incidence among saline, bicarbonate, acetylcysteine, or placebo groups, even in patients with lower eGFRs.
  • Current guidelines have evolved, recommending hydration only for patients with eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusions:

  • Preventive hydration strategies may not be effective in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy for the general patient population.
  • The findings suggest a need to reconsider preventive measures, potentially limiting them to the highest-risk patients, such as those hospitalized with multiple risk factors undergoing emergency procedures.