In situ synthesized SnO₂ nanorod/reduced graphene oxide low-dimensional structure for enhanced lithium storage

A unique SnO₂ nanorod (NR)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite morphology has been synthesized using the in situ hydrothermal method, for use as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The SnO₂ NR adhering to the RGO exhibits a length of 250-400 nm and a diameter of 60-80 nm without any obvious aggregation. The initial discharge/charge capacities of the SnO₂ NR/RGO composite are 1761.3 mAh g^-1 and 1233.1 mAh g^-1, with a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 70% under a current density of 200 mA g^-1, and a final capacity of 1101 mAh g^-1 after 50 cycles. The rate capability of the SnO₂ NR/RGO is also improved compared to that of bare SnO₂ NR. The superior electrochemical performance is ascribed to the special morphology of the SnO₂ NRs-which plays a role in shorting the transmission path-and the sheet-like 2D graphene, which prevents the agglomeration of SnO₂ and enhances conductivity during the electrochemical reaction of SnO₂ NR/RGO.