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    A 3D ray tracing model optimizes optical cavities for ultrasensitive absorption spectroscopy. This simulation enables compact gas sensors with long effective path lengths and high throughput power.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Spectroscopy
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical cavities are crucial for enhancing light-matter interactions in spectroscopy.
    • Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) requires efficient optical reinjection for sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and utilize a 3D ray tracing model for simulating optical reinjection in nonresonant optical cavities.
    • To optimize optical cavities for maximum intensity enhancement factors for OA-ICOS.

    Main Methods:

    • A 3D ray tracing model was employed to simulate optical reinjection.
    • Grid search and genetic algorithms were used for cavity optimization.
    • Simulations were performed for both short (3 cm) and long (50 cm) optical cavities.

    Main Results:

    • Intensity enhancement factors up to 1400 were achieved for short cavities.
    • Intensity enhancement factors up to 101 were achieved for long cavities.
    • The model predicts the feasibility of using short absorption cells with long effective path lengths and high throughput power.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model enables the design of compact optical gas sensors.
    • Optimized optical cavities significantly enhance sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy.
    • This research opens new avenues for ultrasensitive spectroscopic applications.