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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

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Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

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Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
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Self-Healing Inside APbBr3 Halide Perovskite Crystals.

Davide Raffaele Ceratti1, Yevgeny Rakita1, Llorenç Cremonesi2

  • 1Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates self-healing in halide perovskite single crystals, unlike previous thin-film studies. Methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium lead bromide crystals show damage recovery, with formamidinium perovskite healing fastest.

Keywords:
bleachinghalide perovskitesphotoluminescenceself-healingself-repair

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Photonic Materials

Background:

  • Self-healing is a key property of halide perovskites, but previous studies were limited to thin films, complicating analysis.
  • Surface effects often dominate observed self-healing in thin-film perovskites, masking intrinsic bulk behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate self-healing properties in halide perovskite single crystals.
  • To differentiate bulk self-healing mechanisms from surface-dominated effects.
  • To analyze the kinetics of self-healing in methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium lead bromide single crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-photon microscopy to induce controlled photobleaching damage within perovskite single crystals.
  • Monitored the recovery of photoluminescence to quantify self-healing.
  • Investigated self-healing in methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3), formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3), and cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) single crystals.

Main Results:

  • Self-healing was observed in all three investigated halide perovskite single crystals.
  • Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) exhibited the fastest self-healing, recovering in approximately 1 hour.
  • Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) showed the slowest self-healing, requiring tens of hours for recovery.
  • Healing rates were dependent on the localization of degradation products near the damage site, indicating bulk-driven recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Self-healing in halide perovskite single crystals is a bulk phenomenon, distinct from surface-dependent stability.
  • The mechanism may involve polybromide species forming a closed chemical cycle.
  • This contrasts with previously proposed mechanisms involving defect or ion migration.