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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Neighborhood Interventions to Reduce Violence.

Michelle C Kondo1, Elena Andreyeva2, Eugenia C South3

  • 1Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, USA;

Annual Review of Public Health
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Changes to the built environment, particularly housing and blight remediation, can reduce community violence. Other factors like alcohol availability and green spaces show promise, while transit and school changes do not impact violence.

Keywords:
alcohol outletsbuilt environmentcrimehousingneighborhood environmentneighborhood interventionsschoolsurban blightviolence

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Criminology
  • Urban Planning
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Violence poses significant physical, mental, social, and economic burdens on individuals and communities.
  • Traditional violence interventions primarily focus on individuals, overlooking environmental influences.
  • The built environment presents a promising avenue for practical, sustainable, and high-impact violence prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the impact of built environment changes on violence reduction.
  • To identify specific environmental modifications associated with decreased violent crime.
  • To synthesize findings from quasi-experimental and experimental studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies employing quasi-experimental or experimental designs.
  • Comparison of violence outcomes in treatment and control groups before and after built environment interventions.
  • Analysis of interventions related to housing, blight, alcohol availability, street connectivity, green spaces, transit, and school openings.

Main Results:

  • Strongest evidence supports housing improvements and blight remediation (e.g., cleaning vacant lots, repairing buildings) in reducing violence.
  • Moderate evidence suggests that reducing alcohol outlet density, enhancing street connectivity, and creating green housing environments can lower violent crime rates.
  • No significant impact on community violence was found for changes in public transit or school openings.

Conclusions:

  • Modifying the built environment, especially through housing and blight remediation, is an effective strategy for community violence prevention.
  • Targeted environmental changes, such as managing alcohol availability and increasing green spaces, show potential for violence reduction.
  • Environmental interventions related to transit and schools are not currently supported by evidence as effective violence reduction strategies.