Contemporary enzyme based technologies for bioremediation: A review.
Babita Sharma1, Arun Kumar Dangi1, Pratyoosh Shukla1
1Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India.
Journal of Environmental Management
|January 13, 2018
Summary
Enzyme-based bioremediation offers an eco-friendly solution for persistent environmental pollutants. Advances in genetic engineering, enzyme immobilization, and nanozymes enhance the efficiency of removing hazardous xenobiotic compounds.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Biotechnology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Persistent disposal of xenobiotic compounds like pesticides and plastics causes significant environmental pollution.
- Current remediation methods (physical, chemical, biological) are insufficient for complete environmental cleanup.
- Enzyme-based bioremediation presents a promising, eco-friendly approach for degrading recalcitrant pollutants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review microbial enzymes, enzyme engineering techniques, and nanozymes for bioremediation.
- To highlight advancements in enzyme production and application for environmental cleanup.
- To discuss the potential of novel approaches in tackling hazardous environmental pollutants.
Main Methods:
- Overview of microbial enzymes with bioremediation capabilities.
- Discussion of genetic engineering for enhanced enzyme production (recombinant enzymes).
- Exploration of enzyme immobilization techniques to improve enzyme stability and activity.
- Introduction to nanozymes as potential bioremediation agents.
Main Results:
- Microbial enzymes are crucial for breaking down xenobiotic compounds.
- Genetic engineering and enzyme immobilization significantly enhance enzyme efficacy and lifespan.
- Nanozymes show emerging potential for broad-spectrum pollutant bioremediation.
- These techniques collectively offer improved solutions for environmental pollution.
Conclusions:
- Enzyme-based bioremediation, enhanced by genetic engineering and immobilization, is a viable strategy.
- Nanozymes represent a novel frontier in bioremediation technology.
- Integrated approaches utilizing these advancements are key to effectively managing hazardous environmental pollutants.
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