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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

57.7K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

15.8K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:36

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

7.0K
7.0K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

11.9K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
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In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Ovule identity mediated by pre-mRNA processing in Arabidopsis.

Encarnación Rodríguez-Cazorla1, Samanta Ortuño-Miquel1, Héctor Candela2

  • 1Área de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.

Plos Genetics
|January 13, 2018
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Summary

HUA-PEP activity regulates ovule development by controlling D-class gene processing. Disruptions lead to ovule-to-flower transformations, highlighting RNA processing

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Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Ovules are crucial for plant reproduction and seed development.
  • D-class genes (SHP1, SHP2, STK) specify ovule identity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • HUA-PEP activity, involving RNA-binding proteins, regulates floral organ identity via AG pre-mRNA processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of HUA-PEP activity in ovule development and morphogenesis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HUA-PEP's function in ovule specification.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of severe hua-pep mutant phenotypes.
  • Molecular and genome-wide profiling to assess D-class gene transcript levels.
  • Investigation of interactions between HUA-PEP members and the RNAPII CTD regulator CPL1.

Main Results:

  • Severe hua-pep mutants exhibit ovule homeotic transformations into flower-like structures.
  • D-class gene activity (SHP1, SHP2, STK) is significantly reduced in hua-pep mutants.
  • Prematurely terminated D-class gene transcripts accumulate, indicating pre-mRNA processing defects.
  • HUA-PEP members interact with CPL1, suggesting co-transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • HUA-PEP activity is essential for proper ovule morphogenesis and identity.
  • Misregulation of D-class gene pre-mRNA processing by HUA-PEP causes ovule developmental defects.
  • HUA-PEP likely acts co-transcriptionally, coordinating RNA processing and transcription via CPL1 interaction.