[Lichen ruber planus : Better understanding, better treatment!]
1Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Campus Homburg, Gebäude 6.7, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland. lena.schilling@uks.eu.
Summary
Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disease affecting mucous membranes in most cases. Cutaneous LP shows a favorable prognosis with nearly 80% healing within one year.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Lichen planus (LP) is a noncontagious inflammatory condition and the primary example of lichenoid diseases.
- Characterized by small, intensely itchy papules, LP predominantly affects mucous membranes (65% of cases), with combined skin/mucosa involvement (20%) and skin-only (10%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment of lichen planus.
- To highlight the histological features and prognosis of cutaneous lichen planus.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination reveals vacuolar degeneration of keratinocytes, apoptotic Kamino bodies, and a band-like lymphocytic infiltrate.
- Stratum corneum thickening and stratum granulosum hyperplasia correlate with Wickham stripes.
Main Results:
- Cutaneous lichen planus demonstrates a favorable 1-year prognosis, with nearly 80% of cases healing.
- The pathogenesis involves trigger factors leading to antigen presentation and a cell-mediated autoimmune response.
- Associated autoimmune diseases are common in patients with LP.
Conclusions:
- Systemic retinoids are a primary treatment for cutaneous LP, though less effective for mucosal and adnexal forms.
- Emerging phototherapeutic options offer new complementary treatment strategies for lichen planus.
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