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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves01:01

Sound Waves

13.2K
Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the medium's particles vibrate along its direction of motion, the waves can be modeled as the displacement of the medium's particles from their mean position.
Sound waves are longitudinal in most fluids because fluids cannot sustain any lateral pressure. In solids, however, shear forces help in propagating the disturbance in the lateral direction as well....
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Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

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Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
4.6K
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

5.7K
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
5.7K
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

4.8K
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
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Molecular hydrodynamics: Vortex formation and sound wave propagation.

Kyeong Hwan Han1, Changho Kim2, Peter Talkner3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study validates linearized Navier-Stokes equations at the molecular level, confirming their accuracy for fluid dynamics at longer timescales and supporting mode-coupling approaches for hydrodynamic descriptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Computational physics

Background:

  • Hydrodynamic descriptions are crucial for understanding fluid behavior.
  • Bridging continuum fluid dynamics with molecular-level phenomena remains a challenge.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations offer high-resolution data for validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess the feasibility of hydrodynamic descriptions at the molecular scale.
  • To validate the linearized Navier-Stokes (LNS) equations against molecular dynamics data.
  • To investigate the validity of mode-coupling assumptions in fluid dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution velocity data from extensive molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Applied Helmholtz decomposition to compute transverse and longitudinal velocity fields.
  • Compared simulation results with predictions from linearized Navier-Stokes equations.

Main Results:

  • Linearized Navier-Stokes equations accurately describe fluid dynamics at timescales comparable to or exceeding mean collision times.
  • The LNS model captures transverse velocity fields well at shorter times but struggles with molecular-origin patterns in longitudinal fields.
  • The mode-coupling approach's core assumption regarding velocity autocorrelation functions is validated down to the molecular scale.

Conclusions:

  • The linearized Navier-Stokes description is valid for fluid dynamics at molecular scales and relevant timescales.
  • Hydrodynamic-mode descriptions remain applicable even at the molecular level.
  • Findings support the use of mode-coupling theories for understanding fluid behavior across scales.