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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Non-coding RNAs in cancer stem cells.

Huiwen Yan1, Pengcheng Bu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Cancer Letters
|January 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are key regulators of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding their roles in CSC maintenance, metastasis, and therapy resistance can lead to new cancer treatments.

Keywords:
Cancer stem cellLncRNAmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance.
  • The regulatory mechanisms governing CSCs remain incompletely understood.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of ncRNAs in regulating CSCs.
  • To explore how ncRNAs influence CSC maintenance, metastasis, and therapy resistance.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs targeting CSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ncRNAs and CSCs.
  • Analysis of ncRNA mechanisms in CSC regulation.
  • Synthesis of findings related to CSC maintenance, metastasis, and therapy resistance.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) significantly impact CSC properties.
  • ncRNAs modulate CSCs by regulating transcription factors and signaling pathways.
  • ncRNAs are implicated in CSC-driven metastasis and resistance to cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are critical regulators of cancer stem cell biology.
  • Targeting ncRNAs offers a promising strategy for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
  • Further research into ncRNA-CSC interactions may reduce cancer recurrence rates.