Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Direct Intrabronchial Administration to Improve the Selective Agent Deposition Within the Mouse Lung
Published on: May 20, 2019
Realising the potential of various inhaled airway challenge agents through improved delivery to the lungs
Anne J Lexmond1, Dave Singh2, Henderik W Frijlink3
1King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Inhaled airway challenges provoke bronchoconstriction in susceptible subjects and are a pivotal tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of obstructive lung diseases, both in the clinic and in the development of new respiratory medicines. This article reviews the main challenge agents that are in use today (methacholine, mannitol, adenosine, allergens, endotoxin) and emphasises the importance of controlling how these agents are administered. There is a danger that the optimal value of these challenge agents may not be realised due to suboptimal inhaled delivery; thus considerations for effective and reproducible challenge delivery are provided. This article seeks to increase awareness of the importance of precise delivery of inhaled agents used to challenge the airways for diagnosis and research, and is intended as a stepping stone towards much-needed standardisation and harmonisation in the administration of inhaled airway challenge agents.
Related Concept Videos
Lung Capacity
Inhaled Medications
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...

