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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
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Echocardiographic patterns of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction.

Kyoung-Chul Cha1, Hyung Il Kim1, Oh Hyun Kim1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.

Resuscitation
|January 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) affects one-third of cardiac arrest survivors. Echocardiography reveals patterns including global dysfunction, regional wall motion abnormalities, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, with most cases resolving by day three.

Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationHeart arrestMyocardial stunning

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) is a common complication after successful cardiac arrest resuscitation.
  • Echocardiographic patterns of PRMD are not well-defined.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the echocardiographic manifestations of PRMD.
  • To describe the serial changes in cardiac function post-resuscitation.

Main Methods:

  • Serial transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed within 24h, 24-48h, and 72-96h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).
  • Patients without myocardial infarction or pre-existing cardiac disease were included.
  • Exclusion criteria included myocardial infarction and pre-existing cardiac conditions.

Main Results:

  • PRMD was observed in 33% of analyzed patients.
  • Echocardiographic patterns included global hypokinesia (20%), regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) (7%), and Takotsubo pattern (5%).
  • Global left ventricular (LV) systolic function improved by Day 3, except in one Takotsubo case.

Conclusions:

  • PRMD occurs in approximately one-third of patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest.
  • Echocardiographic findings of PRMD include global hypokinesia, RWMA, and Takotsubo pattern.
  • Most LV dysfunction resolves by Day 3 post-ROSC.