CD39-adenosinergic axis in renal pathophysiology and therapeutics

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Renal Physiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Extracellular ATP and adenosine signaling via P2 and P1 receptors, respectively, regulate vital biological functions.
• The CD39-adenosinergic axis, comprising CD39 and CD73 enzymes, controls the balance between extracellular ATP and adenosine.
• Dysregulation of this axis is implicated in various renal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the CD39-adenosinergic axis's roles in renal physiology and pathophysiology.
• To highlight recent scientific advances and their implications for therapeutic development in kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and recent studies.
• Analysis of data from gene knockout/transgenic mouse models.
• Examination of findings from studies using enzyme inhibitors and engineered ectonucleotidases.

Main Results:

• The CD39-adenosinergic axis is pivotal in water/sodium transport, tubuloglomerular feedback, and renin secretion.
• This axis significantly influences ischemia reperfusion injury, renal fibrosis, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy.
• Its roles extend to renal transplantation, inflammation, and macrophage polarization.

Conclusions:

• The CD39-adenosinergic axis is a key regulator of renal health and disease.
• Advances in understanding this axis provide a foundation for developing novel therapies for kidney disorders.