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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.1K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.1K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.4K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.3K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

79.5K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
79.5K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

26.8K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.8K

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Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
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Direct inlet probe ion mobility spectrometry.

Andriy Kuklya1, Lokman Coban1, Florian Uteschil1

  • 1Department of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.

Talanta
|January 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct inlet probe (DIP) coupled with atmospheric pressure photoionization time-of-flight ion mobility spectrometry (APPI-TOF-IMS) offers a novel introduction and pre-separation method. This technique enhances the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), improving sensitivity and providing valuable insights for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
Direct inlet probe (DIP)Gas phase dopants and modifiersIon mobility spectrometry (IMS)On-site monitoringPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) separates gas-phase ions based on mobility.
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants, including carcinogens.
  • Efficient introduction and pre-separation methods are crucial for sensitive PAH analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the direct inlet probe (DIP) as a pre-separation technique for APPI-TOF-IMS.
  • To assess the method's capability for analyzing EPA priority pollutant PAHs.
  • To investigate the influence of heating rate and dopant-assisted ionization on sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Direct inlet probe (DIP) coupled with atmospheric pressure photoionization time-of-flight ion mobility spectrometry (APPI-TOF-IMS).
  • Analysis of eight EPA priority pollutant PAHs (2-5 rings).
  • Dopant-assisted ionization using benzene in nitrogen.

Main Results:

  • DIP successfully introduced analytes and provided vapor pressure-based pre-separation.
  • Heating rate significantly impacted the analytical procedure.
  • Detection limits for PAHs were in the tens- to hundreds-of-micrograms-per-liter range.
  • Mixtures of up to five PAHs were analyzed, demonstrating method applicability.

Conclusions:

  • DIP is a viable introduction and pre-separation technique for APPI-TOF-IMS.
  • The method shows promise for sensitive analysis of PAHs and similar environmental pollutants.
  • Further development could enhance its application in environmental monitoring and risk assessment.