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Related Concept Videos

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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
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Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
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The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
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Do scleroderma patients look young?: Evaluation by using facial imaging system.

Soichiro Sawamura1, Masatoshi Jinnin1, Ikko Kajihara1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of life Sciences, Kumamoto University.

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics
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Collagen accumulation in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) patients may reduce skin aging signs like wrinkles. Collagen induction may be effective for a youthful appearance, but oral supplements might not directly benefit skin.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Collagen supplements are marketed for anti-aging, but scientific proof is lacking.
  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves skin thickening due to collagen accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate facial skin characteristics and aging in SSc patients using digital imaging.
  • To investigate the relationship between collagen levels and skin aging markers.

Main Methods:

  • Digital imaging system used to assess facial skin.
  • Comparison of skin aging indicators between SSc patients and control subjects.

Main Results:

  • SSc patients exhibited significantly lower severity of wrinkles, texture issues, and pores compared to controls.
  • Wrinkle severity strongly correlated with skin thickness score in SSc patients.

Conclusions:

  • Increased collagen in scleroderma skin appears to directly reduce wrinkle formation.
  • Collagen induction strategies may be effective for maintaining a youthful appearance.
  • Oral collagen supplementation's direct effect on skin collagen levels requires further investigation.