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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Prediction Intervals01:03

Prediction Intervals

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The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
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Confidence Intervals01:21

Confidence Intervals

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An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
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Improper Integrals: Infinite Intervals01:29

Improper Integrals: Infinite Intervals

118
An integral is classified as improper due to an infinite interval when at least one of its limits of integration extends to positive or negative infinity. In such cases, the region under the curve is unbounded, and standard techniques for evaluating definite integrals are not directly applicable. Instead, the improper integral is defined through a limiting process that allows one to determine whether the accumulated area remains finite despite the infinite domain.Application to Exponential...
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Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

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The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

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High-Intensity Interval Training for Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction Treated with Left Ventricular Assist Device.

Yusuke Ugata1, Hiroshi Wada1, Kenichi Sakakura1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University.

International Heart Journal
|January 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved exercise capacity and muscle strength in a patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This cardiac rehabilitation approach was feasible and effective, even in advanced heart failure.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Aerobic training improves cardiac function and exercise capacity in heart failure patients.
Keywords:
Exercise trainingLeft ventricular assist deviceMuscle strengthPeak oxygen uptake

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Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) shows promise for improving cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in cardiovascular disease.