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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Correction: The emergence of neuroinvasive Cryptococcus: why eucalyptus-rich regions, especially in Africa, may be facing greater risk.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
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Investigation of human leukocyte antigen alleles as risk factors for cryptococcal disease in Ugandan individuals with HIV.

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Alternatively activated monocyte-derived myeloid cells promote extracellular pathogen persistence in pulmonary fungal granulomas.

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The emergence of neuroinvasive <i>Cryptococcus:</i> why eucalyptus-rich regions, especially in Africa, may be facing greater risk.

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<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> responds to presence of <i>Mycobacterium</i> by diversifying its morphologies and remodelling its capsular material.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

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Adaptive Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans Infections.

Liliane Mukaremera1, Kirsten Nielsen1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 689 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive immunity is crucial in controlling Cryptococcus neoformans infections. This review details the adaptive immune response to C. neoformans in humans and animal models, highlighting its role in disease outcomes.

Keywords:
CD4Cryptococcusadaptive immunitycytokinesdendritic cellshelper T cell type 1 (Th1)helper T cell type 17 (Th17)helper T cell type 2 (Th2)immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

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Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy
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Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy
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Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans
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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex comprises fungal pathogens causing cryptococcosis.
  • Host immune response significantly influences cryptococcosis disease outcomes.
  • Most human infections are caused by C. neoformans, making it the focus of immunological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of adaptive immunity during C. neoformans infections.
  • To explore the role of adaptive immunity in both human and animal models of cryptococcosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological studies on C. neoformans infections.
  • Analysis of research focusing on adaptive immune responses in humans.
  • Examination of findings from animal models of C. neoformans disease.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive immunity plays a critical role in controlling C. neoformans.
  • Specific adaptive immune mechanisms are detailed for human infections.
  • Consistent findings regarding adaptive immunity are observed across various animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive immunity is a key factor in managing C. neoformans infections.
  • Further research into adaptive immunity can inform therapeutic strategies for cryptococcosis.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is vital for improving patient outcomes.