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Asian horses deepen the MSY phylogeny.

S Felkel1,2, C Vogl1, D Rigler1

  • 1Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

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|January 16, 2018
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Summary

Ancient Asian horse Y-chromosome diversity reveals remnants of a more varied ancestral population. This genetic insight into horse domestication highlights lost paternal lineages and distinct breeding strategies across continents.

Keywords:
EquusY chromosomeancestrybreedingdiversityhaplotypehistoryoriental originpaternal lineage

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Animal Science
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Human influence on horse population history dates back to domestication ~5500 years ago.
  • Comparative Y chromosome analysis can reveal paternal origins and breeding strategies in modern horse breeds.
  • Previous studies established a Y-chromosomal phylogeny for modern horses using male-specific Y (MSY) data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the existing horse Y-chromosomal phylogeny with additional samples.
  • To investigate the genetic diversity and paternal origins of Asian horse breeds.
  • To understand the impact of different breeding strategies on horse population genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the male-specific Y (MSY) region from 52 additional horse samples across European, American, and Asian breeds.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to construct a Y-chromosomal tree incorporating new and existing data.
  • Identification and characterization of MSY haplotypes and genetic variants.

Main Results:

  • Distinguished 42 MSY haplotypes based on 158 variants in domestic horses.
  • Observed significantly higher genetic diversity in Asian horse breeds compared to European breeds.
  • Identified a deep phylogenetic split in Asian haplotypes, dated to approximately 5527 ± 872 years ago.

Conclusions:

  • Asian Y-chromosome haplotypes represent ancient lineages from a more diverse ancestral horse population.
  • European horse breeds largely cluster into a crown group, with some Northern European connections to Przewalski's Horse.
  • Genetic diversity patterns suggest significant loss of ancient haplotypes in non-Asian domestic horse lineages.