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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic sensors
  • Optical fluid dynamics
  • Photonics instrumentation

Background:

  • The fish lateral line system provides a biological model for sensing fluid motion.
  • Existing flow sensors often lack sensitivity or directional capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate an all-optical 2D flow velocity sensor inspired by the biological neuromast.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's capability for accurate fluid flow speed and direction measurement.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an artificial neuromast using optical fibers with Bragg gratings and a fluid force recipient sphere.
  • Modeling the sensor's dynamic response using the Stokes solution for unsteady flow.
  • Experimental validation of the sensor's performance and deconvolution scheme for data retrieval.

Main Results:

  • The sensor's dynamic response agrees with theoretical models.
  • Achieved a low-frequency threshold flow sensing of 5 mm s⁻¹ and 5 μm s⁻¹ at resonance.
  • Demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 38 dB at 100 Hz sampling.
  • Accurate determination of flow direction within a few degrees.

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical artificial neuromast is a sensitive and accurate flow velocity sensor.
  • The biomimetic design enables precise measurement of both speed and direction in 2D flow.
  • This technology holds potential for various fluid dynamics applications.