Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Introduction to Seed Plants

Introduction to Seed Plants

Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

Seedless Vascular Plants

Seedless Vascular Plants

Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

From "synthetic" to defined microbial communities for clearer terminology.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Diversity and selected functional traits of microbiota associated with traditional dried plant foods from South African informal markets.

FEMS microbes·2026

Same author

Chemical dialogues at the crossroads of host-bacteria interactions.

Trends in microbiology·2026

Same author

Morphological plasticity of endophytic Chitinophaga pinensis.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek·2026

Same author

Siderophore-producing Bacillus and free-living nematodes are associated with soil suppressiveness to banana root-knot nematodes.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Land Use Change Reshapes Climate-Driven Diversity Patterns of Tropical Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.

Molecular ecology·2026

Same journal

Host life-history strategy is a critical determinant of virulent phage infection propensity.

The ISME journal·2026

Same journal

Trichoderma enriches Burkholderia via cross-feeding of degradation intermediates to enhance atrazine degradation and alleviate soybean phytotoxicity.

The ISME journal·2026

Same journal

Density-mediated freshwater plastisphere microbiomes preferentially degrade conventional rather than biodegradable microplastics.

The ISME journal·2026

Same journal

Metabolic interactions enable aerobic degradation of the environmental pollutant BDE-47.

The ISME journal·2026

Same journal

Cyanobacterial flocculation as a defence against bacterial predation.

The ISME journal·2026

Same journal

Acidifying bacteria inhibit pathogenic bacteria more strongly with increasing glucose.

The ISME journal·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome

Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome

Published on: March 31, 2023

Saving seed microbiomes.

Gabriele Berg¹, Jos M Raaijmakers²

¹Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria. gabriele.berg@tugraz.at.

The ISME Journal

|January 17, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant domestication impacts seed microbes. Researchers propose using wild relatives to restore beneficial microbes lost during crop breeding, enhancing plant stress tolerance.

More Related Videos

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 13, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome

Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome

Published on: March 31, 2023

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Plant Science
Genetics

Background:

Plant seeds host diverse microbial communities influenced by genetics, environment, and farming.
Plant domestication significantly alters plant-associated microbial diversity.
The specific effects of domestication on seed microbiomes remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of domestication on seed microbiomes.
To explore methods for restoring beneficial seed microbes lost during crop domestication.
To enhance plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by re-instating microbial communities.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a 'back-to-the-future' approach.
Examining seed microbiomes of wild crop relatives.
Identifying and harnessing beneficial seed microbes.

Main Results:

Domestication significantly reshapes plant seed microbiomes.
Wild relatives harbor beneficial microbes absent in modern cultivars.
Restoring these microbes shows potential for improved plant resilience.

Conclusions:

Seed microbiomes are crucial for plant health and stress adaptation.
Wild crop relatives are valuable resources for microbiome restoration.
Harnessing ancient microbial communities can improve crop sustainability.