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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates01:21

Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates

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Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
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Coordinate Plane01:21

Coordinate Plane

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The Cartesian coordinate plane is a fundamental structure in mathematics that enables the visualization of relationships between numerical values in two dimensions. It is formed by two intersecting number lines: a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis. These axes meet at the origin, the point where both values are zero. Their intersection divides the plane into four quadrants labeled in a counterclockwise direction starting from the upper right.An ordered pair of numbers represents every...
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Polar Coordinates01:24

Polar Coordinates

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The polar coordinate system offers an alternative to the Cartesian coordinate system for specifying points in a plane, using a distance and an angle instead of x and y coordinates. This system is particularly advantageous in situations involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as in physics or engineering problems involving waves, oscillations, or orbital paths.Defining Polar CoordinatesIn polar coordinates, a point is represented as P(r, ��), where r is the radial distance...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

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Microsphere Assemblies via Phosphonate Monoester Coordination Chemistry.

Kamila J Bladek1, Margaret E Reid1, Hirotomo Nishihara1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created unique coordination microspheres using cobalt(II) and a phosphonate monoester ligand. The ligand

Keywords:
cobaltmetal-organic frameworksmicrostructurenanoindentationphosphonate monoester

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Phosphonate ligands are versatile building blocks in coordination chemistry.
  • Controlling the morphology of coordination polymers is crucial for their applications.
  • Cobalt(II) complexes offer diverse coordination geometries and magnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel coordination microspheres using a bent phosphonate monoester ligand and cobalt(II).
  • To investigate the influence of synthetic conditions on the morphology, size, mechanical stability, and porosity of the resulting structures.
  • To elucidate the self-assembly mechanism of coordination microspheres without templates or capping agents.

Main Methods:

  • Complexation of cobalt(II) with a bent phosphonate monoester ligand.
  • In situ ester hydrolysis to induce self-assembly.
  • Time-dependent studies to monitor formation kinetics.
  • Nanoindentation for mechanical hardness testing.

Main Results:

  • Coordination microspheres were formed using the phosphonate monoester, contrasting with sheet-like structures from phosphonic acid.
  • Synthetic condition manipulation yielded spheres with tunable sizes, mechanical stabilities, and porosities.
  • Time-dependent studies suggest a 3D propagation mechanism involving Co(II) and ligand chains.
  • Hardness of both spheres and sheets was characterized via nanoindentation.

Conclusions:

  • The ligand geometry and cobalt(II) coordination chemistry intrinsically drive the formation of microspheres.
  • Self-assembly is governed by the interplay between assembly rates and annealing processes (ester hydrolysis, metal dehydration).
  • This templated approach offers a new route to controlled synthesis of coordination microspheres.