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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats
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[Acute promyelocytic leukaemia].

Michael Tøstesen1, Lene S G Østergård, Eigil Kjeldsen

  • 1michael.tostesen@gmail.com.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|January 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is now highly curable. A new treatment combining arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) offers similar cure rates to chemotherapy but with less toxicity, especially for frail patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) was historically fatal.
  • Genetic and molecular drivers of APL have been identified.
  • Treatment has evolved significantly over time.

Observation:

  • The standard treatment for APL has shifted.
  • Conventional chemotherapy combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was the previous standard.
  • A chemo-free regimen of arsenic trioxide and ATRA is now the first-line treatment.

Findings:

  • The arsenic trioxide and ATRA combination demonstrates comparable response and cure rates to chemotherapy-based regimens.
  • This novel regimen exhibits significantly lower toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy.

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  • The chemo-free approach simplifies treatment protocols.

    • Implications:

    • This advancement offers a more tolerable and manageable treatment option for APL patients.
    • Elderly and frail patients may particularly benefit from reduced toxicity.
    • The findings pave the way for improved therapeutic strategies in APL management.