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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
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Robotic Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse in Pediatric Patients.

David J Hiller, Jaime L Bohl, Kristen A Zeller

    The American Surgeon
    |January 17, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Robotic rectopexy shows promise for treating pediatric rectal prolapse, with no recurrences observed in a small study. This minimally invasive approach offers a safe and effective short-term solution for children.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Minimally Invasive Surgery
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Rectal prolapse involves the rectum protruding through the anus, requiring surgical intervention.
    • Robotic rectopexy is a minimally invasive surgical option, but its efficacy in pediatric patients is not well-established.
    • Existing literature lacks studies on robotic rectopexy for pediatric rectal prolapse.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the single-institution experience with robotic rectopexy for pediatric rectal prolapse.
    • To evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of robotic rectopexy in pediatric patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent robotic rectopexy for rectal prolapse between 2012 and 2015.
    • Data collected via chart review, including operative notes and clinic visit records.

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  • Analysis of patient demographics, surgical outcomes, postoperative stay, and follow-up data.

    • Main Results:

    • Four pediatric patients (3 male, 1 female; mean age 15.5 years) underwent robotic rectopexy.
    • Indications included rectal prolapse with constipation, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, and post-imperforate anus repair.
    • Three cases were completed robotically; one required conversion to open surgery. No prolapse recurrence was noted during an average 11.5-month follow-up. Bowel function improved in two patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Robotic rectopexy appears to be a safe and reliable option for short-term resolution of rectal prolapse in pediatric patients.
    • The study demonstrates no recurrence of prolapse in the short term.
    • Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up is warranted to confirm long-term efficacy and outcomes.