Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
Published on: January 27, 2023
An overview of medical ECMO for neonates
Kathryn Fletcher1, Rachel Chapman1, Sarah Keene2
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, LAC + USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Neonatology, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Abstract:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a life-saving therapy for respiratory and cardiac failure, was first used in neonates in the 1970s. The indications and criteria for ECMO have changed over the years, but it continues to be an important option for those who have failed other medical therapies. Since the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry was established in 1989, more than 29,900 neonates have been placed on ECMO for respiratory failure, with 84% surviving their ECMO course, and 73% surviving to discharge or transfer. In this chapter, we will review the basics of ECMO, patient characteristics and criteria, patient management, ECMO complications, special uses of neonatal ECMO, and patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
Inhaled Medications
Endocarditis III: Medical Management
Myocarditis III: Medical Management
Pericarditis III: Medical Management
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

