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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP in Mouse T-cell Lines
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Defining B Cell Chromatin: Lessons from EBF1.

Sören Boller1, Rui Li1, Rudolf Grosschedl1

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|January 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic regulation guides B cell differentiation through chromatin changes. Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) plays a key role in priming B cell lineages during this process.

Keywords:
B cell differentiationEarly B cell factor 1chromatintranscription factor network

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Hematopoiesis relies on microenvironmental signals, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications.
  • Transcription factors dynamically shape chromatin, enabling cell-type-specific gene expression.
  • Epigenetic regulation is crucial throughout B cell development, from early progenitors to antigen-driven activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epigenetic changes involved in B cell differentiation.
  • To highlight the specific role of transcription factor Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) in B cell lineage priming.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on epigenetic mechanisms in B lymphopoiesis.
  • Focuses on the interplay between transcription factors and chromatin structure.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications are established early in B cell development.
  • Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is a key driver of lineage-specific chromatin alterations.
  • Epigenetic changes are also observed during V(D)J recombination and terminal differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is fundamental to the precise control of B cell differentiation.
  • Transcription factor EBF1 is a critical regulator in establishing the B cell lineage epigenetic landscape.