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Repressed Memory01:16

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Related Experiment Video

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Methanol Independent Expression by Pichia Pastoris Employing De-repression Technologies
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A Non-canonical BCOR-PRC1.1 Complex Represses Differentiation Programs in Human ESCs.

Zheng Wang1, Micah D Gearhart2, Yu-Wei Lee1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|January 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) protein is crucial for maintaining pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Its depletion disrupts Polycomb domains, initiating differentiation and advancing understanding of gene regulation in development.

Keywords:
BCORhuman embryonic stem cellspluripotencypolycomb repressive complexes

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form canonical PRC1 and PRC2 complexes that establish repressive chromatin via H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub marks.
  • Non-canonical PRC1 complexes, with unique subunits, also play roles in gene regulation, but their targeting mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR), a component of the PRC1.1 complex, in maintaining pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • To elucidate how BCOR and the PRC1.1 complex target and regulate developmental genes.

Main Methods:

  • Depletion of BCOR in human ESCs.
  • Analysis of Polycomb domains and histone marks at developmental loci.
  • Functional studies on BCOR N- and C-terminal domains.

Main Results:

  • BCOR is essential for maintaining primed pluripotency in human ESCs.
  • BCOR depletion causes Polycomb domain erosion at key developmental genes.
  • BCOR loss triggers differentiation towards endoderm and mesoderm lineages.
  • BCOR's C terminus affects PRC1.1 complex assembly and targeting; the N terminus impacts repressor function.

Conclusions:

  • BCOR and the PRC1.1 complex are critical for Polycomb-mediated gene repression in ESCs.
  • Findings advance the understanding of Polycomb targeting and repression mechanisms in stem cell biology and development.