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Comparison of two trunk electromagnetic sensor placement methods during shoulder motion analysis.

Hillary A Plummer1, Federico Pozzi1, Lori A Michener1

  • 1University of Southern California, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
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PubMed
Summary

Shoulder kinematic studies show trunk sensor placement on the sternum or T3 vertebrae does not significantly impact most trunk and scapular movements. Minor differences in tilt are likely not clinically meaningful.

Keywords:
Electromagnetic trackingKinematicsScapulaShoulderUpper extremity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Electromagnetic sensors are crucial for shoulder kinematic studies, measuring humerus, scapula, and trunk motion.
  • Trunk sensor placement (sternum vs. T3 vertebrae) is inconsistent across studies, hindering data comparability.
  • The impact of trunk sensor placement on kinematic data remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of two trunk sensor placements (T3 vertebrae vs. sternum) on trunk and scapular kinematics during arm elevation.

Main Methods:

  • An electromagnetic tracking system recorded kinematic data during arm elevation in the sagittal plane.
  • Participants performed five consecutive ascending and descending arm elevation repetitions.
  • Trunk and scapular kinematics were analyzed for two distinct trunk sensor placements.

Main Results:

  • Trunk sensor placement did not significantly affect trunk kinematics or scapular upward/downward and internal/external rotation.
  • Scapular anterior/posterior tilt showed a statistically significant difference between sternum and T3 placements during arm elevation.
  • The observed differences in scapular tilt did not exceed the minimal detectable change, suggesting limited clinical relevance.

Conclusions:

  • Trunk sensor placement on either the T3 vertebrae or sternum is acceptable for shoulder kinematic studies.
  • The choice of trunk sensor placement should be based on specific study requirements and potential for minimal detectable change.
  • Findings support the use of either T3 or sternum placement for trunk sensors in kinematic research.